Wednesday, 2 May 2012

Digital technologies and adult learners


Ways in which digital technologies are employed by adults

Adults approach education with a wealth of previous experience and insights.  Learning ‘constructively’ with the aid of Web 2.0 tools, enables them to make meaning of their past and give direction to their future. The collaborative nature of constructivism, encapsulates problem solving and critical thinking in digital communities. Teachers trained in e-Learning pedagogy understand the dynamic nature of collaboration and when adults master Web 2 tools, their contribution learning communities can be transformative. 

The choice of Web 2.0 tools includes Skype, chat rooms, wikis, audio and video podcasts . Through a survey in America more than half of the adults (equivalent to 70 million) interviewed want more education.  Web 2.0 tools have enabled adult learners to access university programs when distance or social factors were a preventative factor. The nature of interactive technologies allow adults to acquire a voice and the natural spinoffs from this is generational, changing the lifestyles also of their children.  

In my last blog I referred to distance learning of a writing group in South Carolina.  These communities-of-practice (in this case a group of adult teachers) transformed their teaching for the benefit of their students.  Technological artifacts enabled teachers to learn strategies relevant to a new pedagogy (e-pedagogy) which is tailored to the changing needs of students.  

Technological artifacts are used widely in the workplace to improve literacy levels of employees who need to upskill in the vocabulary of specific domains which differ depending on the job or organization.  Many companies provide digital professional development to improve employees performance and make their job less stressful.  Engaging in online instruction can also make a positive difference to people’s jobs (the passion for teaching was reignited for the members of the Bluebonnet Writing Project (Hirtle & S, 2010) mentioned in my last blog).  Higher remuneration can also be a positive spin-off when adults volunteer to be upskilled with the aid of technological presentations. 

Savin-Baden discusses the importance of dialogue in learning. The authors emphasize the robust nature of the cut and thrust of (academic) debate. However, dialogical spaces online are viewed cautiously by those who consider this style of communication may be ‘modified, stored’ and used later on.  (Savin-Baden, 2008). Participants are mindful of these factors which may prevent t them from speaking spontaneously.
Mindful of the different style of pedagogy now required, Canole (Conole, 2010) and a team of academics have constructed a digital platform which invites and designs Web 2.0 resources for teachers and students. This amounts to a global storehouse of experience and strategies tailored to the needs of technologically savvy professionals. 

Community hubs throughout New Zealand employ technological devices for young adults to acquire literacy and numeracy skills to lessen the digital divide in the hope that, providing access to digital tools will improve their opportunities for employment. (Various, 2011) Adults who re-engage with education often bring with them a set of disappointments and failure from their first encounter.  Digital technologies enable them to engage in self-paced learning where they have time to reflect and fit new knowledge into their existing basis of meaning. Because learning is dynamic, current foundations of experience and knowledge are under continual change and review.  Access by adults of Web 2.0 technologies have the power to build new futures characterized by hope.





Tuesday, 1 May 2012

When virtual communities 'click'

Hirtle, J., & S, S. (2010). When Virtual Communities Click: Transforming teacher practice, transforming teachers. In H. Yang (Ed.), Handbook of research on practices and outcomes in e-learning: issues and trends

When virtual communities 'click'

Communities-of-Practice as learning environments, offer teachers insight and support.  Community-centred-learning has transformative effects on teachers’ value systems and professional practice.  When Web 2.0 technologies are used in conjunction with online communities the conditions are ripe for significant change.

This article investigates the professional and personal impact that evolves as participants in digital communities-of-practice acquire ‘a voice’.   As Web 2.0 tools are implemented, these groups form more than a website; they evolve into close-knit communities who share common values and a sense of commitment.  Participants in digital communities develop not only skills and knowledge but transformative attitudes and a sense of identity.  

My interest in exploring the dynamics of digital groups is ignited when I read about the capability Web 2.0 tools have to push the boundaries of change.  Two headline grabbing examples illustrate the point: the 2009 Presidential campaign of Barrack Obama, and the ‘Arab Spring’.  The online communities that supported both these events changed the direction of global politics. In each case, virtual communities-of-practice were pivotal to the outcome(s).  In order to capitalize on the benefits of online communities, teachers need to be trained in the use of Web 2.0 technology.

In education, free access to digital platforms invite open membership.  Participants converse and contribute alongside world authorities on any given topic.  The environment is non-hierarchical. This shift (I nearly said ‘gift’, which it is) from Web to Web 2.0 technologies refines the process of decision-making and grants access to global storehouses of experience and discourse, the doors of which are open 24/7.  My quest is to understand the deep seated elements of the process; those forces that emerge in online communities which drive people’s commitment and daring.

Sergiovanni  identifies ‘moral connections’ as one such element. He argues that ‘the element of morality can not exist solely within the individual; that it must find its place in relationship to others. When it does, conditions are set for transformation’ (Sergiovanni, 1996).  Constructivist principles form the basis of such groups; the non-linear structure means leadership is shared . The fabric from which virtual communities-of-practice are cut, is dyed in the ability to transform.  The authors assert that rich intersections of diversity emerge in these groups, and when these factors are supported by the use of Web 2.0 technologies, holistic cultures of learning and empowerment are formed and participants ‘find their voice’.

Much of the qualitative data for this article came from Peery’s investigation into the Bluebonnet Writing Project in South Carolina. (Peery, 2004).  Fox posits three significant outcomes of the community in his findings.  Through interviews three important outcomes emerged: [teachers were able to] ‘engage in social contexts with help to redefine their identity; have flow experiences which magnifies their  passion for teaching, and find voice’ (Fox, 2000).  

The teacher participants in the Bluebonnet Writing Project came from an area of 9289 square miles which covered 16 school regions.  After two years the group decided to disband because the participants found it difficult and time-consuming to attend face-to-face meetings.  To avoid closure, an online community was formed. The teachers regularly took part in online discussions and planning sessions and at the time of writing, they could look back on two and a half years of telementoring each other in their virtual village. The teachers used Web 2.0 technologies to gain access to research by others, ask for advice, access resources.

The participants’ feedback supported the effectiveness of the Web 2.0 tools used (blogs, telementoring, discussion forums). Transformative experiences resulted as teachers regained a sense of meaning in the project. 

The results of the research into the Bluebonnet Writing Project supports the notion that the essence of virtual communities is the quality of the relationships, commitment, and common values, and the implicit support and encouragement of those who live and operate within that ambit.